hold词组,隐喻,短语

hold

holdhold[həʊld](held,held) ,hold sth a'gainst sb 1.■to allow sth bad that sb has done to make you like or respect them less对…记仇(或恨等)；对…抱成见:I know I was stupid — I hope you won’t hold it against me.我知道我很愚蠢─希望你别因此而看不起我。Do you hold any grudges against him? 你怨恨他吗？ I don’t hold it against him that he lied to me twice.我并不因为他对我说过两次谎而责怪他。[OBJ]it,grudge2.■[NOTE]Hold sth against sb is often used with a negative such as don’t or won’t. hold sth against sb常与don’t或won’t等否定词连用。[G]v+n/pron+prep,hold 'back (from doing sth); ,hold sb 'back(from doing sth) 3.■to hesitate, or to make sb hesitate,to act or speak(使)犹豫，踌躇:Don’t hold back! This opportunity is too good to miss! 别犹豫了！机不可失啊！ Phil walked forward confidently but something held Ben back.菲尔信心十足地走向前去，本却踌躇不定的。I nearly told him what I thought of him, but I held back.我差点把我对他的看法告诉了他，但又没有开口。[G]v+adv ◆ v+n/pron+adv,hold sb/sth 'back4.■to prevent sb/sth from moving forward or from entering or leaving a place拦阻；阻挡:The police were unable to hold back the fans.警察拦不住那些崇拜者。5.■to prevent the progress or development of sb/sth妨碍进展:Now that he’s got this job, there’ll be no holding him back .既然他现在已经得到了这份工作，就没有什么能制约他的了。Teaching all the children together can hold the brighter children back.把所有孩子放在一起桝会妨碍较聪明的孩子的进步。Low rates of investment will hold back technical progress.低投资会阻碍技术进步的。Parents claim the tests are being used to hold children back }(= not let them progress to the next class)&b{.家长们声称这些测试是用来阻止孩子们升级的。[G]v+n/pron+adv ◆ v+adv+n,hold sth 'back 6.■to stop yourself from expressing or showing how you feel抑制，控制(感情等):They couldn’t hold back their laughter.他们忍不住大笑起来。He struggled to hold back his tears.他竭力没让眼泪流出来。[OBJ]your tears,your laughter[synonym]keep sth back;contain sth (more formal) 7.■to not tell sb sth that you wish to keep secret不透露情况:I think he’s holding something back; he knows more than he’s admitting.我认为他有什么事瞒着；他知道的比他坦白的要多。[OBJ]something,anything,information[synonym]withhold sth (more formal)8.■to keep sth such as money to use later留出，留下(钱等):￡1 000 of the grant will be held back until the project is completed.将从拨款中扣下1 000英镑，等项目完成之后再发放。9.■[NOTE]Hold sth back is often used in the passive in this meaning. hold sth back 作此义时常用于被动语态。[G]v+adv+n ◆ v+n/pron+adv,hold 'back on sth 10.■to try to spend only a little time, money, etc. on sth; to show control in what you do节省； 节制； 克制:My grandmother never held back on the tea and cakes when we visited.我们去拜访祖母时，她从不吝惜茶点。She held back on her questioning }(= she did not ask too many questions)&b{.她没有提很多问题。[G]v+adv+prep,hold sb 'down 11.■to prevent sb from having their freedom or rights剥夺某人的自由(或权利)[G]v+adv+n ◆ v+n/pron+adv,hold sb/sth 'down 12.■to use force to hold sb/sth in a particular position and stop them/it from moving按住某人(或某物):He was held down and kicked by the two men.他被那两个男人按住并踢了几脚。Hold the mouse button down as you move the cursor.移动光标时压住鼠标的键。[G]v+n/pron+adv ◆ v+adv+n,hold sth 'down 13.■to manage to keep a job, position,etc. even though it may be difficult for you to do so保住(工作、职位等):He doesn’t seem able to hold down a full-time job.他似乎没有能力保住一份全职工作。[OBJ]a job 14.■(especially BrE) to keep sth at a low level保持…于低水平:The company is trying to hold down costs.公司正力图保持低成本。The rate of inflation must be held down.通货膨胀率必须控制在低水平上。[OBJ]prices,wages,inflation,costs[synonym]keep sth down 15.■(AmE, informal) to limit sth,especially a noise限制(尤指噪音):Hold it down, will you? I’m trying to sleep! 小点声行吗？我要睡觉！16.■(usually used in negative sentences通常用于否定句) to be able to eat food without bringing it back out of your mouth吃下…(不吐出来):She hasn’t been able to hold any food down since the operation.手术之后她一直是一吃东西就全吐掉。[OBJ]food[synonym]keep sth down17.■to not allow yourself to show or express a strong emotion克制，忍住(强烈感情):I had to hold down the urge to hit him.我得强忍住要揍他的慾望。[G]v+adv+n ◆ v+n/pron+adv,hold 'forth (on/about sth) (formal or humorous)18.■to speak for a long time and often in a boring or annoying way喋喋不休；大发议论:He was holding forth about how successful his business is.他滔滔不绝地谈他的公司如何红火。[G]v+adv,hold sth 'in 19.■to keep sth inside a place so that it cannot fall out or escape把…固定在里面:The straps hold the baby in securely.带子把婴儿安全地系在里面。I had to hold my stomach in }(=pull the muscles flat)&b{ to zip up my jeans.我得收腹以便拉上牛仔裤的拉锁。[OBJ]your stomach,your tummy 20.■to not show or express how you feel不显露(感觉):I couldn’t hold in my anger any longer.我再也忍不住怒火了。[opposite]let sth out[G]v+n/pron+adv ◆ v+adv+n,hold 'off 21.■if rain or a storm, etc. holds off, it does not start(雨或风暴)不来，延迟:I hope the rain holds off for the wedding.我希望等婚礼结束之后再下雨。[synonym]keep off 22.■(also ,hold 'off sth, ,hold 'off (from) doing sth) to delay doing sth推迟(做某事):I need to make a decision soon, but I’ll hold off until next week.我得很快作决定，但我会推迟到下个星期。The committee will hold off their decision until they receive the report.委员会要等收到报告后再作决定。I’m holding off buying a dress until the sales start.我要等开始降价时才买件连衣裙。23.■[NOTE]Hold off sth is not used with a pronoun. hold off sth 不与代词连用。[G]1 v+adv 2 v+adv ◆ v+adv+n ◆ v+adv+-ing,hold sb/sth 'off 24.■to resist an attack by an enemy or an opponent抵抗；战胜；抗击:How long do you think you can hold off the attack? 你认为你对这一攻击能抵抗多久？He held off a late challenge from Davies to win the race.他战胜了戴维斯后来居上的威胁，赢了赛跑。[G]v+adv+n ◆ v+n/pron+adv,hold 'on 25.■(spoken, informal) used to ask sb to wait or stop for a short time等等；停住:Hold on a minute — I’m not quite ready.稍等一下─我还没准备好呢。Hold on! That doesn’t sound right.等一下！这好像不对。26.■to survive in a difficult or dangerous situation; to continue doing sth although it is difficult(在困境或危险中)坚持住，挺住:They managed to hold on until help arrived.他们勉强坚持到救援到来。[synonym]hang on[G]v+adv,hold 'on; ,hold 'onto sth/sb; ,hold 'on to sth/sb 27.■to hold sth/sb tightly; to not let go of sth/sb抓紧；不放开:Hold on tight— I’m going to speed up! 抓紧─我要加速了！Hold onto your hat or it’ll blow away.捂住你的帽子，免得吹跑了。I had to hold onto the chair for support.我只好抓着椅子支壠住。[synonym]hang on,hang onto sth/sb,hang on to sth/sb[G]v+adv ◆ v+prep ◆ v+adv+prep,hold sth 'on28.■to keep sth in position so that it cannot fall off固定某物的位置:It is these nuts and bolts that hold the wheels on.是这些螺母和螺栓把轮子固定住了。[G]v+n/pron+adv ◆ v+adv+n,hold 'onto sb/sth; ,hold 'on to sb/sth 29.■to keep sth/sb; to not lose sth/sb把人或物留下来:Hold on to the magazines for as long as you like.尽量把杂志保存长一点时间。The party will hold on to its majority at the next election.这个党在下次选举中将保持其多数优势。She’s a good worker.You should hold on to her.她很能干。你应该把她留住。You must pass the ball else and not hold onto it.你必须把球传给别人，不要粘球。[synonym]hang onto sb/sth,hang on to sb/sth (informal)[G]v+prep ◆ v+adv+prep,hold 'out 30.■if money or supplies, etc. hold out,they last or remain(钱或其他东西)供应持续，未完:I’m staying here for as long as my money holds out.我要在这里一直呆到我的钱花光。Do you think the fine weather will hold out? 你认为好天气会持续下去吗？[synonym]last out 31.■(against sb/sth ) to resist an attack抵抗:The town continues to hold out against enemy bombing.这座镇子继续抵御敌人的轰炸。32.■(against sth) to refuse to accept sth that you not agree with拒绝，拒不接受(不同意的事物):We can’t hold out against industrialization any longer.我们不能再拒绝工业化了。[opposite]give in (to sb/sth)[G]v+adv'holdout n (AmE)33.■someone who resists an attack, an enemy or an opponent, or who refuses to accept sth抵抗者；抵御者；拒绝者,hold 'out sth 34.■to offer a chance, hope or possibility of sth提供机会；给予希望；使有可能:He may come, but I don’t hold out much hope .他可能来，可我不抱很大希望。This method seems to hold out the greatest promise of success.这种方法似乎最有希望成功。[OBJ]the promise/prospect/possibility of…,hope35.■[NOTE]Hold out sth is never used with a pronoun. hold out sth 不与代词连用。[G]v+adv+n,hold sth 'out 36.■to hold sth such as your hand or sth in your hand, in front of you towards sb else伸出手(或胳膊)；递出东西:She held her cup out for more coffee.她递过杯子来要再添点咖啡。‘You must be Kate,’ he said, holding out his hand.“你一定是凯特。”他说着伸过手来。[OBJ]hand[G]v+n/pron+adv ◆ v+adv+n,hold 'out for sth 37.■to deliberately delay reaching an agreement in the hope that you will gain sth;to refuse to accept anything less than what you are asking for(为得到利益)拖延达成协议；拒绝让步:Union leaders are holding out for a better deal.工会领导人拖延着，以期达成较优厚的协议。[G]v+adv+prep,hold 'out on sb (informal)38.■to refuse to tell or give sb sth拒绝告诉(或给予)某人:You promised to give me the money. Stop holding out on me.你答应过给我钱的。不许赖。[G]v+adv+prep,hold sth 'over 39.■to leave sth to be dealt with later搁置；推迟:We decided to hold the matter over until the next meeting.我们决定把这件事推迟到下次会议。[synonym]postpone sth 40.■(AmE)to show a film/movie or play for longer than planned because it is so successful延长(电影、戏剧等)的上演期:The show is being held over for another month.演出正在延续，为期一个月。41.■[NOTE]Hold sth over is often used in the passive. hold sth over 常用于被动语态。[G]v+n/pron+adv ◆ v+adv+n'holdover n (AmE)42.■a person who keeps a position of power, for example sb who had a particular position in one government and who still has it in the next留任人员；(在下届政府中)留任的官员,hold sth 'over sb 43.■to use sth that you know about sb in order to threaten them and to make them do what you want抓住某人的把柄:I don’t want to give him anything to hold over me.我不想给他留下任何把柄来要挟我。[G]v+n/pron+prep'hold to sth 44.■if you hold to an opinion, a belief,etc., you do not change it坚持(意见、信念等):She always holds to her principles.她始终坚持自己的原则。[synonym]keep to sth;stick to sth[G]v+prep'hold sb to sth 45.■to make sb keep a promise要求某人遵守诺言:‘I promise I’ll take you out to dinner if we win.’ ‘I’ll hold you to that!’ “如果我们赢了，我答应请你出去吃饭。”“你得说话算数啊！ ” 46.■(sport) to stop your opponent in a sports competition winning more points than you压住对手；不让对方得分超过自己:Spain held France to a 1-1 draw.西班牙队把法国队迫成了1 :1的平局。[G]v+n/pron+prep'hold sth to sth 47.■to place sth close to sth else把…靠近…放:He held a knife to her throat.他把刀搁在她的喉咙上。[G]v+n/pron+prep,hold to'gether; ,hold sth to'gether 48.■to remain, or to keep sb/sth, united(使) 保持团结:The coalition has held together for longer than expected.联盟坚持的时间超出预料。Strong bonds of loyalty hold the family together.绝对的忠诚把全家人连结在一起。49.■if ideas,arguments, etc. hold together, or sth holds them together, they are logical and the parts agree with each other(思想、论点等)合乎逻辑，连贯:His ideas don’t really hold together.他的思想有点松散。Words like ‘however’, ‘therefore’, ‘although’, etc. can hold your text together.“然而”、“所以”、“尽管”等词能使你的文章连贯起来。50.■to remain in one piece; to stay in good condition未破碎；完好无损:It’s a miracle that his car is still holding together.他的汽车依然完好真是个奇迹。His trousers were held together by safety pins.他的裤子是用安全别针别在一块的。[G]v+adv ◆ v+n/pron+adv ◆ v+adv+n,hold 'up 51.■to remain healthy, in good condition or working effectively, especially when there are difficulties支持住；承受住；支壠得住:Sales have held up well, in spite of economic difficulties.尽管遇到了经济困难，销售额还相当可观。How did your tent hold up in the storm? 你的帐篷在风暴中是怎样支壠起来的？52.■if an idea, an argument, etc. holds up, it remains strong when you analyse it carefully(想法、论据等)经得起推敲:I don't think his argument really holds up.我认为他的论点实际上站不住脚。[synonym]stand up[G]v+adv,hold sb/sth 'up 53.■to raise sb/sth in the air举起；抬起:She held up her hand to stop him.她抬起手阻挡他。He held up his trophy as the crowd applauded.他在众人的欢呼声中举起奖杯。54.■to support sb/sth and prevent it/them from falling搀扶；支壠:Her trousers were held up with string.她的裤子是用绳子系着的。The two pillars were holding the ceiling up.两根柱子承托着天花板。[synonym]keep sth up 55.■to block or delay the progress of sb/sth阻碍；延迟:Roadworks on the motorway are holding up traffic.高速公路检修造成了交通阻塞。She phoned to say she’d been held up at the office.她打电话来说她在办公室脱不开身。I don’t want to hold you up.我不想耽误你的时间。56.■to rob a person, a bank, a shop/store, etc. using a gun持枪抢劫某人(或银行、商店等):Have they caught the people who held up the bank? 他们抓到持枪抢劫银行的人了吗？57.■[NOTE]Hold sb/sth up is often used in the passive. hold sb/sth up 常用于被动语态。[G]v+adv+n ◆ v+n/pron+adv 4 v+adv+n ◆ v+pron+adv ◆ v+n+adv (rare)'hold-up n 58.■a delay or sth which causes a delay延误；阻滞:What’s the hold-up? 遇到什么障碍了？ 59.■an act of robbing a person, a bank, a shop/store, etc. using a gun持枪抢劫,hold sb/sth 'up as sth 60.■to present sb/sth as an example of sth将某人(或某事物)作为…的例子:My mother held up my cousin as an example of a good student.我母亲把我表哥看作好学生的代表。[G]v+n/pron+adv+prep ◆ v+adv+n+prep'hold with sth 61.■to agree with or approve of sth同意；赞成:I don’t hold with these new theories on education.我不赞成这些新的桝育理论。62.■[NOTE]Hold with sth is only used in negative sentences and questions. hold with sth 只用于否定句和疑问句。[G]v+prep

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