back
a.后面的 ad.向后 v.倒退；支持 n.背；后面
释义2：
back
/ bAk /
◙ noun1. the rear surface of the human body from the shoulders to the hips• （人的）背；背部 »he lay on his back. 他仰面躺着。 »Forbes slapped me on the back. 福布斯拍了一下我的背。 »[as modifier] back pain. 背痛。 the corresponding upper surface of an animal's body• （动物的）背部 the spine of a person or animal• （人或动物的）脊骨，脊柱 the main structure of a ship's hull or an aircraft's fuselage• 船体；（飞机）机身 the part of a chair against which the sitter's back rests• 椅背 the part of a garment that covers a person's back• （衣服的）背面 a person's torso or body regarded in terms of wearing clothes• （人的）躯干；身体 »all he owned were the clothes on his back. 他除了身上的衣服之外一无所有。 a person's back regarded as carrying a load or bearing an imposition• （人的）背；身体 »the Press are on my back. 出版社的担子落在了我身上。2. the side or part of something that is away from the spectator or from the direction in which it moves or faces; the rear• 背面，反面；后面 »at the back of the hotel is a secluded garden. 酒店的后面是一个静僻的花园。 »the backs of four high buildings. 四幢大厦的背面。 [in sing.] the position directly behind someone or something• 背后；后面 »she unbuttoned her dress from the back. 她从背后解开衣服纽扣。 the side or part of an object opposed to the one that is normally seen or used; the less active, visible, or important part of something• （物品不常见或使用的部分）背面 »write on the back of a postcard. 写在明信片的背面。3. a player in a team game who plays in a defensive position behind the forwards• （团队运动中的）卫4. (the Backs)the grounds of Cambridge colleges which back on to the River Cam• （背向剑河的）剑桥大学后花园◙ adverb1. towards the rear; in the opposite direction from the one that one is facing or travelling• 向后地 »she moved back a pace. 她向后退了一步。 »she walked away without looking back. 她头也不回地走掉了。 expressing movement of the body into a reclining position• 向后仰地 »he leaned back in his chair. 他身体向后仰着坐在椅子里。 »sit back and relax. 靠着椅背坐，放松。 at a distance away• 在远处 »keep back from the roadside. 远离路边。 »I thought you were miles back. 我原以为你在几英里远的地方。 (back of)[N. Amer.] behind• [北美] 在…后面 »he knew that other people were back of him. 他知道其他人在他后面。 [N. Amer.] losing by a specified margin• [北美] （落）后 »the team was five points back. 这支队落后五分。2. used to express a return to an earlier or normal position or condition• 回（复） »she put the book back on the shelf. 她把书放回书架上。 »drive to Montreal and back. 开车去蒙特利尔又开回来。 »I went back to sleep. 我回去睡觉了。 »he was given his job back. 他复职了。 »things were back to normal. 一切恢复了正常。 fashionable again• 再度流行 »sideburns are back. 短连鬓胡子再度流行起来。3. in or into the past• 回原状 »he made his fortune back in 1955. 1955年他发了财，又和以前一样了。 at a place previously left or mentioned• 在原处 »the folks back home are counting on him. 远在家乡的人们现在都指望他了。4. in return• 回 »they wrote back to me. 他们给我回了信。◙ verb1. [with obj.] give financial, material, or moral support to• （经济、物质或道德上）支持 »he had a newspaper empire backing him. 他有一个报纸王国在支持他。 »go up there and tell them — I'll back you up. 去那儿告诉他们，我会支持你。 bet money on (a person or animal) winning a race or contest• 赌（参加比赛的人或动物）赢 »he backed the horse at 33–1. 他以33赔1赌那匹马赢。 be in favour of• 赞成，赞同 »the Borough Council backs the scheme. 市镇议会赞成这计划。 supplement in order to reinforce or strengthen• 支援（以加强） »US troops were backed up by forces from European countries. 美国部队得到了欧洲国家部队的支援。2. [with obj.] [often be backed] cover the back of (an article) in order to support, protect, or decorate it• 给…装背衬 »a mirror backed with tortoiseshell. 以玳瑁作背衬的镜子。 (especially in popular music) provide musical accompaniment to (a singer or musician)• （尤指流行音乐中为歌手或音乐家）伴奏 »on his new album he is backed by an American group. 他的这张专辑由一支美国乐队担任伴奏。 put a song or piece of music on the less important side of (a recording)• （歌曲作为附带品）收录 »the new single is backed with a track from the LP. 这张新单曲里收录了LP唱片里的一首歌。3. [no obj., with adverbial of direction] walk or drive backwards• 倒（车）；后退 »she tried to back away. 她想要朝后退。 »the government backed away from the plan. 政府退出了那个计划。 »[with obj.] he backed the Mercedes into the yard. 他把那辆梅塞德斯车倒进院子里。 [no obj.] (of the wind) change direction anticlockwise around the points of the compass• （风）逆时针转向。 »the wind had backed to the north-west. 风向逆时针转为西北。 [with obj.] [Sailing] put (a sail) aback in order to slow the vessel down or assist in turning through the wind• [航海] 收帆4. [no obj.] (back on / on to)(of a building or other structure) have its back or rear facing or adjacent to• （建筑物等）背对着；背连着 »his garage wall backs on to the neighbouring property. 他的车库墙背连着邻居家。 [with obj.] [一般作 be backed] lie behind or at the back of• 在…后面 »the promenade is backed by lots of cafes. 在海滨人行道后面有很多咖啡馆。◙ adjective, [attrib.] 1. of or at the back of something• （在）后面的 »the back garden. 后（花）园。 »the back pocket of his jeans. 他牛仔裤的后袋。 situated in a remote subsidiary position• 边远的；偏僻的 »back roads. 偏僻的小路。2. (especially of wages or something published or released) from or relating to the past• （尤指薪水、出版物或发行物）过去的 »the band's back catalogue. 乐队以前的目录。 »she was owed back pay. 她被拖欠薪水。3. directed towards the rear or in a reversed course• 向后的；相反的 »a back header. 一个头球回传。4. [Phonetics] (of a sound) articulated at the back of the mouth• [语音] （音）舌后的；舌根的【IDIOMS】
◘ at someone's back1. in pursuit or support someone• 追求；支持（某人）◘ back and forth1. to and fro• 来回地◘ back in the day1. in the past; some time ago• 在过去，在以前 »back in the day, he'd had one of the greatest minds I'd ever come across. 从前他曾是我所遇到过的最有头脑的人之一。◘ someone's back is turned1. someone's attention is elsewhere• 某人的注意力在别处 »he kissed her quickly, when the landlady's back was turned. 趁女房东注意别的地方的时候，他很快地吻了她一下。◘ the back of beyond1. a very remote or inaccessible place• 偏僻处◘ back o'Bourke1. [Austral. informal] the outback• [澳，非正式] 内地◘ the back of one's mind1. used to express that something is in one's mind but is not consciously thought of or remembered• 下意识里 »she had a little nagging worry at the back her mind. 下意识里她还存有顾虑。◘ back to front1. [Brit.] with the back at the front and the front at the back• [英] 前后颠倒 »the exhausts had been fitted back to front. 排气管前后装倒了。 »a back-to-front baseball cap. 前后颠倒的棒球帽。◘ back water1. reverse the action of the oars, causing a boat to slow down or stop• 倒桨◘ back the wrong horse1. make a wrong or inappropriate choice• 下错了赌注；做错了选择◘ behind someone's back1. without a person's knowledge and in an unfair or dishonourable way• 在某人背后，背着某人 »Carla made fun of him behind his back. 卡拉在他背后取笑他。◘ get (或 put) someone's back up1. make someone annoyed or angry• 惹恼（或惹怒）某人◘ in back1. [N. Amer.] at the back of something, especially a building• [北美] 在后面（尤指建筑） »dad demolished an old shed in back of his barn. 父亲拆掉了仓库后面的一个旧棚。◘ know something like the back of one's hand1. be entirely familiar with a place or route• （对地方或路线）了如指掌◘ on one's back1. in bed recovering from an injury or illness• 卧床疗养◘ put one's back into1. approach (a task) with vigour• 竭尽全力于◘ turn one's back on1. ignore (someone) by turning away from them• 对…掉头不管；轻视 reject or abandon (a person or thing that one was previously involved with)• 否认；抛弃◘ with one's back to (或 up against) the wall1. in a desperate situation; hard-pressed • 走投无路；处于绝境【语源】
1. Old English bæc, of Germanic origin; related to Middle Dutch and Old Norse bak. The adverb use dates from late Middle English and is a shortening of aback【PHR V】
◘ back down1. withdraw a claim or assertion in the face of opposition• （当面）取消前言 »the contenders backed down from their original pledge. 竞选人纷纷取消了原先的誓言。◘ back off1. draw back from action or confrontation• 撤退 »they backed off from fundamental reform of the system. 他们退出了基本的体制改革。 another way of saying back down• 同 back down ◘ back out1. withdraw from a commitment• 退出 »if he backs out of the deal they'll sue him. 如果他退出这笔交易，他们就会起诉他。◘ back up1. (of vehicles) form into a queue due to congestion• （汽车）堵塞 »the traffic began to back up. 交通开始堵塞。2. (of running water) accumulate behind an obstruction• （流水）积聚◘ back something up1. [Computing] make a spare copy of data or disk• [计算机] 备份2. [一般作 be backed up] cause vehicles to form into a queue due to congestion• 使（汽车）堵塞 »the traffic was backed up a couple of miles in each direction. 交通堵塞让来往的车辆堵了数英里。
俄语/英语字母转换