break
vt.打破；中止；违反 vi.破(裂) n.休息时间
释义2：
break
/ breik /
break¹◙ (past broke ;past participle broken )1. separate or cause to separate into pieces as a result of a blow, shock, or strain[no obj.] [with obj.] • 打破，打碎 »the slate fell from my hand and broke in two on the hard floor. 那块石板瓦从我手里滑到硬地板上摔成了两半。 »windows in the street were broken by the blast. 大风把临街的窗户刮坏了。 [with obj.] (of a person or animal) sustain an injury involving the fracture of a bone or bones in (a part of the body)• （人或动物）骨折 »she had broken her leg in two places. 她的腿有两处骨折。 [no obj.] (of a part of the body or a bone) sustain a fracture• （指身体的某个部分或骨头）骨折 »what if his leg had broken? 假如他的腿骨折了怎么办？ [with obj.] cause a cut or graze in (the skin)• 割破，擦破（皮肤） »the bite had scarcely broken the skin. 被咬的地方连皮都没弄破。 make or become inoperative• （使）失效，失灵 »[no obj.] the machine has broken and they can't fix it until next week. 机器坏了，他们下星期才能修好。 »[with obj.] he's broken the video. 他把录像机搞坏了。 (of the amniotic fluid surrounding a fetus) be or cause to be discharged when the sac is ruptured in the first stages of labour• （孕妇的羊水）破裂 »[no obj.] she realized her waters had broken. 她意识到她的羊水破了。 [with obj.] open (a safe) forcibly• 强行打开，砸破（保险箱） [with obj.] use (a banknote) to pay for something and receive change out of the transaction• 兑开（纸币） »she had to break a tenner. 她不得不兑开一张十元的纸币。 [no obj.] (of two boxers or wrestlers) come out of a clinch, especially at the referee's command• （尤指拳击手在裁判下令分开时）分开，抱持后拆散 [with obj.] unfurl (a flag or sail)• 展开（旗帜或船帆） [with obj.] succeed in deciphering (a code)• 破译，破解（密码） [with obj.] disprove (an alibi)• 证明（不在犯罪现场的辩护）不实2. [with obj.] interrupt (a continuity, sequence, or course)• 打断（连续性、次序和过程） »the new government broke the pattern of growth. 新政府打破了这种增长模式。 »his concentration was broken by a sound. 响声打断了他的专心致志。 put an end to (a silence) by speaking or making contact• （以说话或联系）打破（沉默） make a pause in (a journey)• （旅行时）停顿，停留 [no obj.] stop proceedings in order to have a pause or vacation• 中止（会议议程以短暂休息或度假） »at mid-morning they broke for coffee. 早上十点钟左右他们停下来喝咖啡。 lessen the impact of (a fall)• 减轻（落体的）冲击力度 stop oneself being subject to (a habit)• 使放弃习惯；放弃（习惯） »try to break the habit of adding salt at the table. 试图改掉在进餐时加盐的习惯。3. [no obj., with adverbial] (chiefly of attacking player or team, or of military force) make a rush or dash in a particular direction• （体育比赛或军队作战时攻方）出击，猛冲 »Mitchell won possession and broke quickly, allowing Hughes to score. 米切尔取得控球权后快速出击，让胡佛得分。 surpass (a record)• 打破（纪录） »the film broke box office records in the US. 这部电影打破了全美的票房纪录。 disconnect or interrupt (an electric circuit)• 切断（电路） [no obj., with adverbial of direction] (of a bowled cricket ball) change direction of bouncing, due to spin• 使（板球）突然转向 [no obj., with adverbial of direction] [Soccer] (of the ball) rebound unpredictably• [英足] （球）突然弹开 »the ball broke to Craig but his shot rebounded from the post. 球弹向克雷格，但他射门时，球又从门柱上弹开了。4. [with obj.] fail to observe (a law, regulation, or agreement)• 违反，不执行（法律、规则或协定） »the council says it will prosecute traders who break the law. 该委员会称它将告发违法商人。 »a legally binding contract which can only be broken by mutual consent. 一个具有法律约束力、需双方同意才能取消的合同。 fail to continue with (a self-imposed discipline)• 中断（自我约束） »diets started without preparation are broken all the time. 在没有准备的情况之下开始的节食计划往往不能坚持。5. [with obj.] crush the emotional strength, spirit, or resistance of• 压垮（感情力量，精神，反抗） »the idea was to better the prisoners, not to break them. 这个主意目的在于改造这些囚犯，而不是压垮他们。 [no obj.] (of a person's emotional strength or control) give way• （人的精神力量或自控能力）垮掉 »her self-control finally broke. 她终于失去了自制力。 destroy the power of (a movement or organization)• 摧毁 destroy the effectiveness of (a strike), typically by moving in other people to replace the striking workers• 破坏（罢工的）影响（尤指通过调入新人员取代罢工工人）6. [no obj.] undergo a change or enter a new state, in particular• 变化，进入新状态，尤指 (of the weather) change suddenly, especially after a fine spell• （一段时间的晴天后天气）突变 »the weather broke and thunder rumbled through a leaden sky. 天气骤变，雷声隆隆响彻乌云密布的天空。 (of a storm) begin violently• （暴风雨）爆发 (of dawn or a day) begin as the sun rises• （天）破晓，（晨曦）初露 »dawn was just breaking. 天刚破晓。 (of clouds) move apart and begin to disperse• （云）散开 (of waves) curl over and dissolve into foam• （波浪）卷碎，破碎（成泡沫） »the Caribbean sea breaking gently on the shore. 加勒比海的海浪柔柔地拍打在海岸上变成了泡沫。 (of a person's voice) falter and change tone, due to emotion• （人的声音由于感情激动而）颤抖 »her voice broke as she relived the experience. 回想起那段经历，她的声音都颤抖了。 (of a boy's voice) change in tone and register at puberty• （男孩嗓音）青春期变粗 [Phonetics] (of a vowel) develop into a diphthong, under the influence of an adjacent sound• [语音] （元音）发生割裂而变成双元音 (of prices on the stock exchange) fall sharply• （股价）暴跌 (of news or a scandal) suddenly become public• （新闻或丑闻）突然传开 »since the news broke I've received thousands of wonderful letters. 自从那条新闻披露以来，我已经收到了几千封绝妙的信件。 [with obj.] (break something to someone)make bad news known to (someone)• 向某人透露坏消息 make the first stroke at the beginning of a game of billiards, pool, or snooker• 开球破局（打台球、撞球或斯诺克时第一杆把聚在一起的球打散）◙ noun1. an interruption of continuity or uniformity• 打破（连贯性或统一性），间断 »the magazine has been published without a break since 1950. 1950年以来一直发行这本杂志，从未间断过。 an act of separating oneself from a pre-existing state of affairs• 断绝 »a break with the past. 与过去告别。 a change in the weather• 天气突变 [with modifier] a change of line, paragraph, or page• 换行，换段，换页 »dotted lines on the screen show page breaks. 屏幕上的虚线表示换页。 a change of tone in a person's voice due to emotion• （因情感作用）嗓音突变 an interruption in an electric circuit• （电路）中断 [Cricket] a change in the direction of a bowled ball on bouncing• [板球] （投出的球）弹开，转向 a rush or dash in a particular direction, especially by an attacking player or team• （尤指球员或球队）进攻 »Norwich scored on a rare break with 11 minutes left. 还有11分钟时，诺里奇队发动了一场罕见的进攻而得分。 [informal] an opportunity or chance, especially one leading to professional success• [非正式] 机会，机遇，（尤指事业成功的）转机 »his big break came when a critic gave him a rave review. 当一位评论家对他猛烈抨击时，他时来运转了。 (也作 break of serve 或 service break)[Tennis] the winning of a game against an opponent's serve• [网球] 对方发球而己方获胜局，破发2. a pause in work• 中断，暂停，休息 »I need a break from mental activity. 做脑力工作时，我需要工间休息。 »they take long coffee break. 他们喝着咖啡休息了很长时间。 [Brit.] an interval during the school day• [英] 课间休息 »the bell went for break. 下课铃响了。 a short holiday• 短假 »a weekend break in the Cotswolds. 到科茨沃尔德度周末。 a period or time taken out of one's professional activity in order to do something else• 事假 »those returning to work after a career break. 那些事假后重新回来工作的人。 a short solo or instrumental passage in jazz or popular music• （爵士或流行音乐中的）独奏（或器乐演奏）短段3. a gap or opening• 缺口，口子 »the track bends left through a break in the hedge. 树篱上有一个缺口，小路由此拐向左。 »he stopped to wait for a break in the traffic. 他停下来等车流间歇时穿马路。4. an instance of breaking something; the point where something is broken• 破裂，折断，损坏；裂口，裂缝，断裂处 »he was stretchered off with a break to the leg. 他腿部受伤，给人用担架抬走了。5. [Snooker & Billiards] [斯诺克，台球] a consecutive series of successful shots, scoring a specified number of points• 一次连续得分 »a break of 83 put him in front for the first time. 连续得了83分，第一次使他领先。 a player's turn to make the opening shot of a game• 开局6. a bud or shoot sprouting from a stem• 芽，蓓蕾7. [informal] an escape, typically from prison• [非正式] 逃跑（尤指越狱）【IDIOMS】
◘ break one's back1. put great effort into achieving something• 努力做成某事◘ break the back of1. accomplish the main hardest part of (a task)• 完成某项任务中最困难的部分 »we've broken the back of the problem. 我们已经解决了这个问题的最困难的部分。 overwhelm or defeat• 制服，击败 »I thought we really had broken the back of inflation. 我想我们已经控制住了通货膨胀。◘ break the bank --› see bank ◘ break bread --› see bread ◘ break camp --› see camp ◘ break cover1. (of game being hunted) emerge into the open• （被追猎的动物）从隐藏处跳（飞）出来◘ break one's duck --› see duck ◘ break someone's heart --› see heart ◘ break the ice --› see ice ◘ break a leg!1. (theatrical slang)good luck!• [舞台俚语] 好运气！◘ break the mould --› see mould ◘ break of day1. dawn • 破晓◘ break rank --› see rank ◘ break (someone's) serve (或 service)1. win a game in a tennis match against an opponent's service• 对方发球己方得分，破发◘ break ship1. [Nautical] fail to rejoin one's ship after absence on leave• [航海] （船员）逾假不归◘ break step --› see step ◘ break wind1. release gas from the anus• 放屁◘ give someone a break1. [usu. inimperative] [informal] stop putting pressure on someone about something• [非正式] 停止给某人施加压力 (give me a break)used to express contemptuous disagreement or disbelief about what has been said• （表示不信别人胡诌乱编）得了吧；别以为我会这么笨；收起你的噱头 »He's seven times as quick and he's only 20 years old. Give me a break!. 他的速度比这快七倍，而他才20岁。我才不会相信你呢！。◘ make a break for1. make a sudden dash in the direction, especially in a bid to escape• （尤指为逃跑而）冲向 »he made a break for the door. 他冲向门口。◘ make a clean break1. remove oneself completely and finally from a situation or relationship• 彻底脱离（某种环境或关系）◘ that's (或 them's) the breaks1. [N. Amer. informal] that's the way things turn out (used to express resigned acceptance of a situation)• [北美，非正式] 到头来总是这个样（表示甘愿逆来顺受）【语源】
1. Old English brecan (verb), of Germanic origin; related to Dutch breken and German brechen, from an Indo-European root shared by Latin frangere 'to break'【PHR V】
◘ break away1. (of a person) escape from someone's hold• 挣脱，逃脱 escape from the control of a person, group, or practice• 摆脱（某人、组织或习俗的）控制 »an attempt to break away from the elitism that has dominated the book trade. 摆脱精英人士对图书业控制的尝试。 (of a competitor in a race) move into the lead• （赛跑中参赛者）领先 (of a material or object) become detached from its base, typically through decay or under force• 脱落，脱离◘ break down1. (of a machine or motor vehicle) suddenly cease to function• 出故障，抛锚 »his van broke down. 他的货车抛锚了。 (of a person) experience a sudden failure of function in the vehicle they are driving• 突遇车辆抛锚 »she broke down on the motorway. 她的车在高速公路上突然抛锚了。 (of a relationship, agreement, or process) cease to continue; collapse • （关系、协议、过程）决裂，中断；崩溃 »pay negotiations with management broke down. 同资方的有关薪金的谈判破裂了。 lose control of one's emotions when in a state of distress• （感情）失去控制 »the old woman broke down in tears. 这位老妇人控制不住感情，哭了。 (of a person's health or emotional control) fail or collapse• （人的健康或情感）垮掉2. undergo chemical decomposition• 化学分解 »waste products which break down into low-level toxic materials. 分解成低毒物质的报废产品。◘ break something down1. demolish a door or other barrier• 毁坏（门或其他障碍） »they had to get the police to break the door down. 他们不得不叫警察来把门砸开了。 »class barriers can be broken down by educational reform. 通过教育改革可以消除阶级障碍。2. separate something into a number of parts• 分解 »each tutorial is broken down into more manageable units. 每本辅导材料都被分成了更易处理的单元。 analyse information• 分析信息 »bar graphs show how the information can be broken down. 条形图说明了如何分析信息。 convert a substance into simpler compounds by chemical action• 分解（利用化学作用将物质转化为较简单的化合物） »almost every natural substance can be broken down by bacteria. 几乎每一种天然物质都可被细菌分解。◘ break even1. reach a point in a business venture when the profits are equal to the costs• 不盈不亏，得失相等◘ break forth1. burst out suddenly; emerge • 爆发，迸发◘ break free1. another way of saying break away• 同 break away ◘ break in1. force entry to a building• 强行闯入2. [with direct speech] interject• 插话 »‘I don't want to interfere’ , Mrs Hendry broke in. 亨得利夫人插嘴说：“我不想干涉”。◘ break someone in1. familiarize someone with a new job or situation• 使某人熟悉新工作（或新环境） »there was no time to break in a new foreign minister. 没时间让一位新外长来熟悉情况了。2. (break a horse in)accustom a horse to a saddle and bridle, and to being ridden• 驯马◘ break something in1. wear something, typically new shoes, until becomes supple and comfortable• 使（新物件等）经使用后逐渐变得合用，磨合（尤指将新鞋逐渐穿得舒服合脚）◘ break in on1. interrupt • 打断 »the doctor's voice broke in on her thoughts. 医生的话打断了她的思绪。◘ break into1. enter or open (a place, vehicle, or container) forcibly, especially for the purposes of theft• （尤指为盗窃目的）破门而入 »two raiders broke into his home. 两名袭击者闯进了他的家。 »a friend of mine had his car broken into. 有人偷偷进过我一位朋友的车。 succeed in winning a share of (a market or a position in a profession)• 分占（市场或职位） »foreign companies have largely failed to break into the domestic-equity business. 外国公司大部分未能进入国内证券市场。 interrupt (a conversation)• 打断（谈话） (of a person) suddenly or unexpectedly burst forth into (laughter or song)• 突然笑起来（或唱起来） (of person's face or mouth) relax into (a smile)• （脸部或嘴角）放松，笑2. change one's pace to (a faster one)• 加快步伐 »Greg broke into a sprint. 格雷开始疾跑。◘ break off1. become severed• 断裂 »the fuselage had broken off just behind the pilot's seat. 机身正好就在飞行员座位后面断裂了。 abruptly stop talking• 突然住口 »she broke off, stifling a sob. 她突然停止说话，忍住了哭泣。◘ break something off1. remove something from a larger unit or whole• 断开，撕开 »Tucker broke off a piece of bread. 塔克撕下一块面包。 abruptly end or discontinue something• 突然停止，突然中断 »Britain threatened to break off diplomatic relations. 英国威胁中止外交关系。◘ break something open1. open something forcibly• 打破，冲破◘ break out1. (of war, fighting, or similarly undesirable things) start suddenly• （战争，战斗或类似的不受欢迎的事件）突然爆发 »forest fires have broken out across Indonesia. 印度尼西亚爆发了全国性的森林火灾。 (of a physical discomfort) suddenly manifest itself• （身体不适）突然发作 »prickles of sweat had broken out along her backbone. 密密的汗珠沿着她的脊梁沁出来。◘ break out in1. (of a person or a part of their body) be suddenly affected by an unpleasant sensation or condition• （人体）突感不适 »she had broken out in a rash. 她身上突然出了疹子。◘ break out of1. escape from• 逃脱 »a prisoner broke out of his cell. 一名囚犯越狱。 »executives looking to break out of the corporate hierarchy. 指望打破公司等级制度的管理人员。◘ break something out1. [informal] open and start using something• [非正式] 打开（或开启）…以供使用 »it was time to break out the champagne. 开香槟的时刻到了。◘ break through1. make or force a way through (a barrier)• 突破（障碍），冲破 »demonstrators attempted to break through the police lines. 示威者试图冲破警方设置的警戒线。 »the sun might break through in a few spots. 几缕阳光可能会冲破云层。<
俄语/英语字母转换