◙ noun, [mass noun] 1. a white soft earthy limestone (calcium carbonate) formed from the skeletal remains of sea creatures • 白垩 a similar substance (calcium sulphate), made into white or coloured sticks used for drawing or writing • （硫酸钙制成的）粉笔 [count noun] [Geology] a series of strata consisting mainly of chalk • [地质] 白垩地层 2. short forFrench chalk • French chalk 的简称 ◙ verb, [with obj.] 1. draw or write with chalk • 用粉笔画（或写） draw or write on (a surface) with chalk • 用粉笔画（或写）于（表面） 2. rub (something, especially a snooker cue) with chalk • 用白垩粉擦（桌球杆等） 3. [Brit.] charge (drinks bought in a pub or bar) to a person's account • [英] 把（酒钱）记于（某人）账上
【IDIOMS】
◘ as different as (或 like) chalk and cheese 1. [Brit.] fundamentally different or incompatible • [英] 截然不同的；毫不相容的 ◘ by a long chalk 1. [Brit.] by far • [英] …得多；最 ◘ chalk and talk 1. [Brit.] teaching by traditional methods focusing on the blackboard and presentation by the teacher as opposed to more informal or interactive methods • [英] 使用黑板板书和老师主讲的传统教学法 ◘ not by a long chalk 1. [Brit.] by no means; not at all • [英] 决不；一点也不
【语源】
1. Old English cealc (also denoting lime), related to Dutch kalk and German Kalk, from Latin calx (seecalx)
【PHR V】
◘ chalk something out 1. sketch or plan • 粗略地计划；规划 ◘ chalk something up 1. draw or write something with chalk • 用粉笔画（或写） 2. achieve something noteworthy • 取得，达到 »he has chalked up a box office success. 他取得了票房成功。 3. ascribe something to a particular cause • 把…归于 »I chalked my sleeplessness up to nerves. 我把失眠归于神经紧张。