drum¹ ◙ noun 1. a percussion instrument sounded by being struck with sticks or the hands, typically cylindrical, barrel-shaped, or bowl-shaped with a taut membrane over one or both ends • 鼓 (drums)a drum kit • 配套鼓钹（一套乐鼓） (drums)the percussion section of a band or orchestra • （乐队或乐团的）打击乐组 [in sing.] a sound made by or resembling that of a drum • 鼓声，打鼓似的声音 »the drum of their feet. 他们笃笃的步伐声。 (historical)a military drummer • [史] 军鼓手 2. something resembling or likened to a drum in shape, in particular • 鼓状物，尤指 a cylindrical container or receptacle • 桶，圆柱形容器。 --› seeoil drum »a drum of powdered bleach. 一桶漂白粉。 a rotating cylindrical part in a washing machine, in which the washing is placed • （洗衣机的）洗衣桶，滚筒 a similar cylindrical part in certain other appliances • （某些电器中的）筒，滚筒 [Architecture] the circular vertical wall supporting a dome • [建] （穹顶的）鼓形墙座 [Architecture] a stone block forming part of a column • [建] （建柱子用的）圆鼓石 [Austral./NZ] a tramp's bundle of belongings • [澳／新西兰] （流浪者的）行李卷 3. [Brit. informal] a house or flat • [英，非正式] 房子；公寓 [Austral, informal] a brothel • [澳，非正式] 妓院 4. an evening or afternoon tea party of a kind that was popular in the late 18th and early 19th century • （18世纪末、19世纪初流行的）傍晚茶会，下午茶会 5. [Austral．informal] a piece of reliable inside information • [澳，非正式] 内部消息 »he had got the drum that the police wouldn't lock us up. 他得到内部消息说警察不会把我们关起来。 ◙ (drummed, drumming) 1. [no obj.] play on a drum • 打鼓，击鼓 make a continuous rhythmic noise • 击鼓似的响，发出有节奏的连续声响 »she felt the blood drumming in her ears. 她感觉血液在耳朵里搏动。 »[as noun drumming] the drumming of hooves. 马蹄的笃笃声。 [with obj.] beat (the fingers, feet, etc.) repeatedly on a surface, especially as a sign of impatience or annoyance • （尤指不耐烦地）用（手指、脚等）不停敲击，拍击 »waiting around an empty table, drumming their fingers. 他们围坐在空桌子前，手指不停地敲着桌面。 (of a woodpecker) strike the bill rapidly on a dead trunk or branch, especially as a sound indicating a territorial claim • （啄木鸟为宣示对枯树干或枯树枝的占有权而）连续急速啄击 (of a snipe) vibrate the outer tail feathers in a diving display flight, making a throbbing sound • （鹬鸟为求偶做俯冲飞行）突突地振尾羽 2. [with obj.] [Austral informal] give (someone) reliable information or a warning. see sense 5 of the noun • [澳，非正式] 给…通消息，提醒 »I'm drumming you, if they come I'm going. 我提醒你，如果他们来我就走。
【IDIOMS】
◘ beat (或 bang) the drum of (或 for) 1. be ostentatiously in support of • 大张旗鼓地支持，大力支持，极力鼓吹 »he bangs the drum of the free market. 他极力鼓吹自由市场。
【语源】
1. Middle English: from Middle Dutch or Low German tromme, of imitative origin
【PHR V】
◘ drum something into 1. drive a lesson into (someone) by constant repetition • 反复讲，灌输 »it had been drummed into them to dress correctly. 他们曾被反复地告知要正确着装。 ◘ drum someone out 1. expel or dismiss someone with ignominy from a place or institution • 轰走，开除 »he was drummed out of the air force. 他被空军开除。 ◘ drum something up 1. attempt to obtain something by canvassing or soliciting • （以游说）竭力争取 »the organizers are hoping to drum up support from local businesses. 组织者想要竭力争取地方企业的支持。drum² ◙ noun 1. [Scottish & Irish] a long narrow hill, especially one separating two parallel valleys • [苏格兰，爱尔兰] 山脊
【语源】
1. early 18th cent.: from Scottish Gaelic and Irish druim 'ridge'drum³ ◙ (也作 drumfish), [复同单，或 drums] 1. a fish that makes a drumming sound by vibrating its swim bladder, found mainly in estuarine and shallow coastal waters • 石首鱼（能振鳔发出似击鼓的声音，出没于港湾或沿岸浅海区）。(亦称 croaker) 2. Family Sciaenidae (the drum family): many species, including the black drum [Pogonias cromis] of the western Atlantic. The drum family also includes the mulloway and a number of marine fishes that resemble salmon (e.g. the weakfish) • 石首鱼科： 多种，包括西大西洋的多须石首鱼（拉丁名Pogonias cromis）。石首鱼科还包括南极石首鱼和大量似鲑鱼的海鱼（如银牙鱼）