◙ (past and past participle ground ) 1. [with obj.] reduce (something) to small particles or powder by crushing it • 磨碎,碾碎 »grind some black pepper over the salad. 把一些黑胡椒磨碎撒在色拉上。 »mother preferred to grind up the rice prior to boiling. 妈妈喜欢把米磨碎后再煮。 [no obj.] (of a mill or machine) work with a crushing action • (磨坊,机器)磨,碾 »the old mill was grinding again. 老磨坊又开始磨东西了。 sharpen, smooth, or produce (something) by crushing or by friction • 打磨;磨快;磨光 »power from a waterwheel was used to grind cutlery. 水轮产生的动力用来磨刀。 operate (a mill or machine) by turning the handle • 摇动(碾磨机等机器的)手柄操作 »she was grinding a coffee mill. 她摇着磨咖啡机的手柄。 2. rub or cause to rub together gratingly[with obj.] • 刺耳地摩擦 »[no obj.] tectonic plates that inexorably grind against each other. 以无法阻挡之势相互摩擦的构造板块。 »he keeps me awake at night, grinding his teeth. 他晚上磨牙,搅得我无法入睡。 [no obj., with adverbial] move noisily and laboriously, especially when impeded by friction • (尤指因摩擦产生的阻力而)吱嘎作响地费力移动 »the truck was grinding slowly up the hill. 卡车吱吱嘎嘎地慢慢向山上爬行。 3. [no obj.] [informal] (of a dancer) rotate the hips • [非正式] (跳舞者)扭摆臀部 »go-go girls grinding to blaring disco. 跳歌歌舞的女郎们合着刺耳的迪斯科音乐扭摆着臀部。 [Brit. vulgar slang, dated] have sexual intercourse • [英,粗俚,旧] 性交 ◙ noun, [in sing.] 1. a crushing or grating sound or motion • 摩擦(声);碾磨(声) »the crunch and grind of bulldozers. 推土机嘎吱嘎吱碾过的声音。 »the slow grind of the US legal system. 美国法制系统缓慢的运作。 hard dull work • 苦差事;单调的事 »relief from the daily grind. 从每日的辛苦劳作中解脱出来。 the size of ground particles • 被磨碎的颗粒的大小,磨细程度 »only the right grind gives you all the fine flavour. 只有磨碎的颗粒粗细恰到好处,才能让你充分品尝到美妙的滋味。 2. [informal] a dancer's rotary movement of the hips • [非正式] (舞蹈中的)扭臀动作 »a bump and grind. 臀部的碰撞和扭动。 [Brit. vulgar slang, dated] an act of sexual intercourse • [英,粗俚,旧] 性交 [US informal] an excessively hard-working student • [美,非正式] 过度勤奋的学生 [Irish] a private tuition class • [爱尔兰] 小型教学班 »experienced teacher offers grinds in Maths and Irish, to all levels. 有经验的教师面向各种层次学生开设数学和爱尔兰语小型教学班。
【IDIOMS】
◘ grind to a halt (或 come to a grinding halt) 1. move more and more slowly and then stop • 慢慢地停下来
【语源】
1. Old English grindan, probably of Germanic origin. Although no cognates are known, it may be distantly related to Latin frendere 'rub away, gnash'
【PHR V】
◘ grind away 1. work or study hard • 认真刻苦地干(或学) ◘ grind someone down 1. wear someone down with continuous harsh or oppressive treatment • 把(某人)折磨垮 »mundane everyday things which just grind people down. 真正把人慢慢拖垮的日常琐事。 ◘ grind on 1. continue for a long time in a wearying or tedious way • 缓慢而单调地继续 »the rail talks grind on. 火车旅途中的谈话慢吞吞地继续着。 ◘ grind something out 1. produce something dull or tedious slowly and laboriously • 缓慢而费力地完成(枯燥的工作) »I must grind out some more fiction. 我还得艰难地慢慢写出更多小说来。