◙ noun 1. the hard protective outer case of a mollusc or crustacean • （软体或甲壳纲动物的）壳 »cowrie shells. 宝贝壳。 »[mass noun] the technique of carving shell. 壳雕技术。 the thin outer covering of an animal's egg, which is hard and fragile in that of a bird but leathery in that of a reptile • 蛋壳 the outer case of a nut kernel or seed • 果壳；荚 the carapace of a tortoise, turtle, or terrapin • 甲鱼壳，龟甲 the wing cases of a beetle • （甲虫的）鞘翅 the integument of an insect pupa or chrysalis • （蛹或茧的）外皮 (one's shell)(figurative)used with reference to a state of shyness or introversion • [喻] 害羞；内向 »she'll soon come out of her shell with the right encouragement. 给她适当的鼓励，很快她就会不再羞怯的。 2. something resembling or likened to a shell because of its shape or its function as an outer case • 壳状物 »pasta shells. 贝壳形意式面。 »baked pastry shells filled with cheese. 奶酪馅烤饼。 the walls of an unfinished or gutted building or other structure • （建筑物的）壳体，空壳 »the hotel was a shell, the roof having collapsed completely. 旅馆成了废空壳，屋顶完全倒塌了。 (figurative)an outer form without substance • [喻] 空躯壳 »he was a shell of the man he had been previously. 他已经不是过去的他了，成了一副空躯壳。 a light racing boat • 轻型赛艇 the metal framework of a vehicle body • （车身的）外壳 an inner or roughly made coffin • 内棺；粗制棺材 the handguard of a sword • （剑的）护手 [Physics] each of a set of orbitals around the nucleus of an atom, occupied or able to be occupied by electrons of similar energies • [物理] 壳层 3. an explosive artillery projectile or bomb • 炮弹；炸弹 »the sound of the shell passing over, followed by the explosion. 炮弹嗖的一声飞过，接着是爆炸声。 »[as modifier] shell holes. 弹孔，弹坑。 a hollow metal or paper case used as a container for fireworks, explosives, or cartridges • 烟花筒；弹壳；弹药筒 [N. Amer.] a cartridge • [北美] 子弹 4. [Computing] . short forshell program • [计算机] shell program 的简称 ◙ verb, [with obj.] 1. bombard with shells • 炮轰 »the guns started shelling their positions. 大炮开始轰击他们的阵地。 [一般作 be shelled] [Baseball] score heavily against (an opposing pitcher or team) • [棒球] 从（对方投手或球队）大量得分 2. remove the shell or pod from (a nut or seed) • 剥壳；脱壳；脱粒 »they were shelling peas. 他们在剥豌豆。 »[asadj. shelled] shelled Brazil nuts. 去壳巴西果。
1. Old English scell (noun), of Germanic origin; related to Dutch schel 'scale, shell', also to scale. The verb dates from the mid 16th cent. in sense 2
【PHR V】
◘ shell something out (或 shell out) 1. [informal] pay a specified amount of money, especially an amount that is resented as being excessive • [非正式] 付款（尤指付因认为过多而不愿付的款） »he has had to shell out £500 a week hiring a bodyguard. 他得每周付出500英镑雇佣一个保镖。