standard
n.标准，水平 a.普通的，一般的，标准的
释义2：
standard
/ 5stAndEd /
◙ noun1. a level of quality or attainment• 标准，水平 »their restaurant offers a high standard of service. 他们的饭店提供高水平的服务。 »the government's ambition to raise standards in schools. 政府提高学校水准的雄心。 a required or agreed level of quality or attainment• 规定的（或一致同意）的标准，规格 »half of the beaches fail to comply with European standards. 有一半的海滩不符合欧洲的标准。 »[mass noun] their tap water was not up to standard. 他们的自来水不合格。 [Brit. historical] (in elementary schools) a grade of proficiency tested by examination or the form or class preparing pupils for such a grade• [英，史] （小学）水平考试级别；（为学生进入高年级作准备的）小学低年级 [S. African] (often with a specifying number) a class or year in a high school• [南非] （通常与具体的数字连用）（中学）年级；学年 »his education ended at standard six. 他中学六年级时辍学。2. an idea or thing used as a measure, norm, or model in comparative evaluations• 标准，尺度；榜样 »the wages are low by today's standards. 按照现行的标准那薪水很低。 »the system had become an industry standard. 那系统已成为一个行业标准。 (standards)principles of conduct informed by notions of honour and decency• 行为准则，规范 »a decline in moral standards. 道德标准的下降。 a form of language that is widely accepted as the usual form• 标准语，通行语 the prescribed weight of fine metal in gold or silver coins• （硬币的）法定含金量（或含银量） »the sterling standard for silver. 英国货币的法定含银量。 a system by which the value of a currency is defined in terms of gold or silver or both• （货币的金或银或金银）本位 a measure for timber, equivalent to 165 cu. ft (4.67 cubic metres)• 标准堆（木材计量单位，等于165立方英尺，即4.67立方米）3. an object that is supported in an upright position, in particular• 支撑垂直位置的物体，尤指 a military or ceremonial flag carried on a pole or hoisted on a rope• 军旗（或仪式用的旗帜） used in names of newspapers• 旗报（用于报纸的名称） »a report in the Evening Standard. 《晚旗报》上的一篇报道。 a tree or shrub that grows on an erect stem of full height• 茎干挺直的树（或灌木） a shrub grafted on an erect stem and trained in tree form• （整成树形并嫁接于挺直茎干上的）灌木 [Botany] the large, frequently erect uppermost petal of a papilionaceous flower• [植] （蝶形花的）旗瓣。(亦称 vexillum) [Botany] one of the inner petals of an iris flower, frequently erect• [植] （鸢尾属植物的）直立花瓣 an upright water or gas pipe• 直立水管（或煤气管）4. (especially with reference to jazz or blues) a tune or song of established popularity• （尤指爵士乐，布鲁斯音乐）流行曲调（或歌曲）◙ adjective1. used or accepted as normal or average• 标准的 »the standard rate of income tax. 所得税的标准税率。 »it is standard practice in museums to register objects as they are acquired. 在获得物品时对其进行登记是博物馆的标准做法。 (of a size, measure, design, etc.) such as is regularly used or produced; not special or exceptional• （大小、尺寸、式样等）常规的；一般性的 »all these doors come in a range of standard sizes. 所有这些门都在常规尺寸的范围内。 (of a work, repertoire, or writer) viewed as authoritative or of permanent value and so widely read or performed• （作品，节目，作家）经典的，权威的 »his essays on the interpretation of reality became a standard text. 他诠释现实的短文已成了权威文本。 denoting or relating to the form of a language widely accepted as the usual correct form• （语言）合乎规范的，符合标准的 »speakers of standard English. 操标准英语的人。2. [attrib.] (of a tree or shrub) growing on an erect stem of full height• （树，灌木）长于直立茎干上的 (of a shrub) grafted on an erect stem and trained in tree form• （灌木）整成树形并嫁接在直立茎干上的 »standard roses. 整形嫁接玫瑰。【IDIOMS】
◘ raise one's (或 the) standard1. (chiefly figurative)take up arms• [主喻] 拿起武器，反对 »he is the only one who has dared raise his standard against her. 他是唯一敢起来反对她的人。【派生】
♦ standardly adverb【语源】
1. Middle English (denoting a flag raised on a pole as a rallying point, the authorized exemplar of a unit of measurement, or an upright timber): shortening of Old French estendart, from estendre 'extend'; in sense3, influenced by the verb stand
俄语/英语字母转换