◙ noun 1. a sudden powerful forward or upward movement, especially by a crowd or by a natural force such as the waves or tide • 汹涌（尤指人潮，波涛，潮汐等） »flooding caused by tidal surges. 由潮汐猛涨而引起的洪水泛滥。 a sudden large increase, typically a brief one which happens during an otherwise stable or quiescent period • 急剧上升；激增（尤指在相对稳定时期发生的短暂现象） »the firm predicted a 20% surge in sales. 公司预计销售量将激增20%。 a powerful rush of an emotion or feeling • （感情）汹涌；翻腾 »Sophie felt a surge of anger. 索菲感到一股怒火从胸中升起。 a sudden marked increase in voltage or current in an electric circuit • （电路中的）浪涌 ◙ verb 1. [no obj., usu. with adverbial] (of a crowd or a natural force) move suddenly and powerfully forward or upward • （人群，自然力）汹涌；奔腾 »the journalists surged forward. 记者们蜂拥向前。 increase suddenly and powerfully, typically during an otherwise stable or quiescent period • 急剧上升；激增 »shares surged to a record high. 股票剧升到历史最高点。 (of an emotion or feeling) affect someone powerfully and suddenly • （感情，情绪在心中）澎湃 »indignation surged up within her. 她怒火中烧。 (of an electric voltage or current) increase suddenly • （电压，电流）猛增，浪涌 [Nautical] (of a rope, chain, or windlass) slip back with a jerk • [航海] （绳子，缆索，绞盘）突然松开，突然滑脱
【语源】
1. late 15th cent. (in the sense 'fountain, stream'): the noun (in early use) from Old French sourgeon; the verb partly from the Old French stem sourge-, based on Latin surgere 'to rise'. Early senses of the verb included 'rise and fall on the waves' and 'swell with great force'