toll¹ ◙ noun 1. a charge payable for permission to use a particular bridge or road • （桥梁或道路的）通行费 »motorway tolls. 高速公路通行费。 »[as modifier] a toll bridge. 收费桥梁。 [N. Amer.] a charge for a long-distance telephone call • [北美] 长途电话费 2. [in sing.] the number of deaths, casualties, or injuries arising from particular circumstances, such as a natural disaster, conflict, or accident • 伤亡人数 »the toll of dead and injured mounted. 死伤人数上升。 the cost or damage resulting from something • （付出的）代价；（遭受的）损失，破坏 »the environmental toll of the policy has been high. 这项政策使环境遭受的破坏很大。 ◙ verb 1. [with obj.] [usu. as noun tolling] charge a toll for the use of (a bridge or road) • 收取（桥梁或道路的）通行费 »the report advocates motorway tolling. 该报告主张收取高速公路通行费。
【IDIOMS】
◘ take its toll (或 take a heavy toll) 1. have an adverse effect, especially so as to cause damage, suffering, or death • 造成损失（或危害、伤亡） »years of pumping iron have taken their toll on his body. 多年举重使他的身体受到伤害。
【语源】
1. Old English (denoting a charge, tax, or duty), from medieval Latin toloneum, alteration of late Latin teloneum, from Greek telōnion 'toll house', from telos 'tax'. Sense 2 (late 19th cent.) arose from the notion of paying a toll or tribute in human lives (to an adversary or to death)toll² ◙ verb 1. [no obj.] (of a bell) sound with a slow, uniform succession of strokes, as a signal or announcement • （钟）缓慢而有规律地鸣响 »the bells of the cathedral began to toll for evening service. 教堂的钟开始敲响，宣布晚祷礼拜就要开始。 [with obj.] cause (a bell) to make such a sound • （缓慢而有规律地）敲（钟） (of a bell) announce or mark (the time, a service, or a person's death) • 鸣钟报告（时辰、仪式或死亡） »the bell of St Mary Le Bow began to toll the curfew. 圣玛丽勒布的钟开始鸣报宵禁。 ◙ noun 1. [in sing.] a single ring of a bell • （一记）钟声
【语源】
1. late Middle English: probably a special use of dialect toll 'drag, pull'